{"id":2647,"date":"2025-11-19T09:30:23","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T06:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/?page_id=2647"},"modified":"2025-11-19T12:45:09","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T09:45:09","slug":"pipe-design","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/pipe-design\/","title":{"rendered":"\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2647\" class=\"elementor elementor-2647\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d667f61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d667f61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508078 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2508078\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac85ff7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac85ff7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fd3d5f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2fd3d5f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc06986 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc06986\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd48eb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd48eb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65c672c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65c672c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f23eae5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f23eae5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3de8cf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3de8cf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\" data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"609\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d1\u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5, \u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd, \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea \u05d5\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05d3 \u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d9. \u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d8 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd, \u05dc\u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea, \u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d2\u05d5\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc \u05dc\u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05e6\u05ea, \u05dc\u05db\u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d3\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05dc\u05e1\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05d9. \u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05da \u05d4\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05d1\u05e1\u05e1 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dc \u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d7\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7 \u05de\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4\u05d1\u05e0\u05ea \u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05de\u05ea \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05dc\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4. \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e1\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df, \u05d4\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df, \u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e9\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d8\u05e2\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05d4\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e2 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05ea, \u05d1\u05d8\u05d5\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82f240c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"82f240c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb93939 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb93939\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dce77b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"2dce77b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CJMcC6HlAJ0?si=Ay7oaoeGoDILs_qV&amp;start=32\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e4fd0f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1e4fd0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-265e33d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"265e33d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05dc\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38087c5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"38087c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e2affe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9e2affe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05792b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"05792b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cafb7ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cafb7ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"529\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05e9\u05dc \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea (Tubes &amp; Pipes) \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e1\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5, \u05de\u05e9\u05e7\u05dc, \u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc \u05d5\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d9\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8. \u05d1\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u2013 \u05db\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05db\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05d4, \u05e4\u05e8\u05de\u05e6\u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4, \u05de\u05d6\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05de\u05e9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d3\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u2013 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e0\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e1\u05d9\u05e1\u05d9 \u05dc\u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05ea\u05e7\u05d9\u05df \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd, \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea, \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5, \u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d5\u05e7\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05dc\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"531\" data-end=\"652\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05db\u05dd \u05d1\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05dc\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"654\" data-end=\"657\">\n<h2 data-start=\"659\" data-end=\"692\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">1. \u05de\u05d4\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"693\" data-end=\"794\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df (Wall Thickness) \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05de\u05e8\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8. \u05d6\u05d4\u05d5 \u05e4\u05e8\u05de\u05d8\u05e8 \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"796\" data-end=\"1024\">\n<li data-start=\"796\" data-end=\"836\">\n<p data-start=\"798\" data-end=\"836\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"798\" data-end=\"818\">\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5<\/strong> \u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d7\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"837\" data-end=\"887\">\n<p data-start=\"839\" data-end=\"887\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"839\" data-end=\"855\">\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea<\/strong> \u05d1\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e8\u05d8\u05d8 \u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e5 \u05de\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"888\" data-end=\"925\">\n<p data-start=\"890\" data-end=\"925\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"890\" data-end=\"913\">\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4<\/strong> \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d6\u05de\u05df<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"970\">\n<p data-start=\"928\" data-end=\"970\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"928\" data-end=\"947\">\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd<\/strong> (\u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"971\" data-end=\"998\">\n<p data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"998\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"986\">\u05de\u05e9\u05e7\u05dc \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d9<\/strong> \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"999\" data-end=\"1024\">\n<p data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1024\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1015\">\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8<\/strong> \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1026\" data-end=\"1176\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd, \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05e8\u05d8\u05d8 \u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 (Flow Induced Vibration), \u05e4\u05d5\u05d8\u05e0\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 (Erosion), \u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7 \u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05e9\u05d8\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05ea.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1181\">\n<h2 data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1221\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">2. \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"1306\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e1\u05ea\u05de\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05d2\u05d3\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1565\">\n<li data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1358\">\n<p data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1358\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1337\">ASME Section VIII Div.1<\/strong> \u2013 \u05dc\u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1359\" data-end=\"1400\">\n<p data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1400\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1375\">ASME B31.3<\/strong> \u2013 \u05dc\u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea \u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1401\" data-end=\"1471\">\n<p data-start=\"1403\" data-end=\"1471\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"1403\" data-end=\"1426\">EN 13480 \/ EN 13445<\/strong> \u2013 \u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1507\">\n<p data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1507\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1482\">TEMA<\/strong> \u2013 \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1508\" data-end=\"1565\">\n<p data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1565\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1531\">API 660 \/ API 661<\/strong> \u2013 \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d1\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1675\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d2\u05d3\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d7\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d7\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4, \u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4, \u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05dd, \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1677\" data-end=\"1680\">\n<h2 data-start=\"1682\" data-end=\"1713\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">3. \u05d7\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1714\" data-end=\"1783\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05de\u05d8\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 <strong data-start=\"1739\" data-end=\"1762\">\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d9<\/strong> (Design Pressure).<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1785\" data-end=\"1806\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e1\u05d9\u05e1\u05d9 \u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05dc:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1807\" data-end=\"1979\">\n<li data-start=\"1807\" data-end=\"1824\">\n<p data-start=\"1809\" data-end=\"1824\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 (P)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1825\" data-end=\"1859\">\n<p data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1859\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e7\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 (Do) \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9 (Di)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"1916\">\n<p data-start=\"1862\" data-end=\"1916\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7 \u05db\u05e0\u5c79628 (Allowable Stress) \u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05dd \u05dc\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1917\" data-end=\"1958\">\n<p data-start=\"1919\" data-end=\"1958\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05da (E) \u05d0\u05dd \u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05da<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1959\" data-end=\"1979\">\n<p data-start=\"1961\" data-end=\"1979\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05de\u05e7\u05d3\u05dd \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4 (C)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1981\" data-end=\"2007\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e7\u05df ASME \u05dc\u05d3\u05d5\u05d2\u05de\u05d4:<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"985\"><span class=\"katex-display\" style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">t=P\u22c5D2(SE+P)+Ct = \\frac{P \\cdot D}{2(SE + P)} + C<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\">2<span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">SE<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">P<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">P<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">D<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2157\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8. \u05d1\u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc \u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e7\u05d3\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05e8\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05dd \u05dc\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05d4, \u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4, \u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05e9\u05d8\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05e8\u05e2\u05d3.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2159\" data-end=\"2162\">\n<h2 data-start=\"2164\" data-end=\"2203\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">4. \u05d4\u05e9\u05e4\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2204\" data-end=\"2261\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05dc\u05db\u05dc \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05de\u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7 \u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2263\" data-end=\"2293\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e4\u05dc\u05d3\u05ea \u05e4\u05d7\u05de\u05df (Carbon Steel)<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2294\" data-end=\"2406\">\n<li data-start=\"2294\" data-end=\"2332\">\n<p data-start=\"2296\" data-end=\"2332\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2333\" data-end=\"2357\">\n<p data-start=\"2335\" data-end=\"2357\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2358\" data-end=\"2366\">\n<p data-start=\"2360\" data-end=\"2366\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d6\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2367\" data-end=\"2406\">\n<p data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2406\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05dc\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05ea\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05ea \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"2408\" data-end=\"2435\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05d4 (SS304\/SS316)<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2436\" data-end=\"2553\">\n<li data-start=\"2436\" data-end=\"2466\">\n<p data-start=\"2438\" data-end=\"2466\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05d5\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2467\" data-end=\"2497\">\n<p data-start=\"2469\" data-end=\"2497\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d1\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2498\" data-end=\"2553\">\n<p data-start=\"2500\" data-end=\"2553\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05de\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05e7\u05d8\u05df \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e4\u05dc\u05d3\u05ea \u05e4\u05d7\u05de\u05df<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"2555\" data-end=\"2581\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Hastelloy \/ Titanium<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2582\" data-end=\"2719\">\n<li data-start=\"2582\" data-end=\"2608\">\n<p data-start=\"2584\" data-end=\"2608\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2609\" data-end=\"2672\">\n<p data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2672\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05dd \u05e2\u05dd \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d3\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d3 0.5\u20131.2 \u05de&quot;\u05de \u05d1\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2719\">\n<p data-start=\"2675\" data-end=\"2719\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05d4, \u05d5\u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05d7\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d6\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"2721\" data-end=\"2748\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Duplex \/ Super Duplex<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2749\" data-end=\"2839\">\n<li data-start=\"2749\" data-end=\"2769\">\n<p data-start=\"2751\" data-end=\"2769\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2770\" data-end=\"2797\">\n<p data-start=\"2772\" data-end=\"2797\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05de\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05e4\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d3\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2798\" data-end=\"2839\">\n<p data-start=\"2800\" data-end=\"2839\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd + \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"2844\">\n<h2 data-start=\"2846\" data-end=\"2891\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">5. \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d1\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd (\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2892\" data-end=\"2945\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05de\u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"3290\">\n<li data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"3008\">\n<p data-start=\"2950\" data-end=\"3008\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"2950\" data-end=\"2965\">\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea TEMA<\/strong> \u2013 \u05dc\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05df 0.7\u20132.0 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3009\" data-end=\"3058\">\n<p data-start=\"3012\" data-end=\"3058\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"3012\" data-end=\"3025\">\u05e8\u05d8\u05d8 \u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05d4<\/strong> \u2013 \u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea \u05d3\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05d7\u05e7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3059\" data-end=\"3104\">\n<p data-start=\"3062\" data-end=\"3104\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"3062\" data-end=\"3075\">\u05e1\u05d5\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05d6\u05dc<\/strong> \u2013 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9? \u05e6\u05de\u05d9\u05d2? \u05d7\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d3?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3146\">\n<p data-start=\"3108\" data-end=\"3146\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"3108\" data-end=\"3122\">\u05e7\u05e6\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05d4<\/strong> \u2013 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4 = \u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3147\" data-end=\"3214\">\n<p data-start=\"3150\" data-end=\"3214\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"3150\" data-end=\"3186\">\u05de\u05e8\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05ea\u05d5\u05de\u05db\u05d9\u05dd (Baffle Spacing)<\/strong> \u2013 \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e2 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3215\" data-end=\"3290\">\n<p data-start=\"3218\" data-end=\"3290\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"3218\" data-end=\"3259\">\u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d8\u05d9\u05d5\u05d1\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8 (Tube Sheet Expansion)<\/strong> \u2013 \u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea \u05d3\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e7\u05e8\u05e2 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e8\u05d7\u05d1\u05d4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"3292\" data-end=\"3300\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3301\" data-end=\"3410\">\n<li data-start=\"3301\" data-end=\"3327\">\n<p data-start=\"3303\" data-end=\"3327\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05d4 \u2192 0.9\u20131.65 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3328\" data-end=\"3356\">\n<p data-start=\"3330\" data-end=\"3356\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Hastelloy \u2192 0.7\u20131.25 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3357\" data-end=\"3384\">\n<p data-start=\"3359\" data-end=\"3384\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e4\u05dc\u05d3\u05ea \u05e4\u05d7\u05de\u05df \u2192 1.2\u20132.0 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3385\" data-end=\"3410\">\n<p data-start=\"3387\" data-end=\"3410\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u2192 0.5\u20130.9 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3412\" data-end=\"3415\">\n<h2 data-start=\"3417\" data-end=\"3455\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">6. \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d1\u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea \u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3456\" data-end=\"3479\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05e9\u05e4\u05e2\u05ea \u05de:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3481\" data-end=\"3502\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05d5\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3503\" data-end=\"3542\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05db\u05db\u05dc \u05e9\u05d4\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u2013 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3544\" data-end=\"3558\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3559\" data-end=\"3617\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3 \u2192 \u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3619\" data-end=\"3650\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d7\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3651\" data-end=\"3694\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05e3 &quot;Corrosion Allowance&quot; \u05d1\u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05db\u05dc\u05dc:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3695\" data-end=\"3747\">\n<li data-start=\"3695\" data-end=\"3721\">\n<p data-start=\"3697\" data-end=\"3721\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">1\u20133 \u05de&quot;\u05de \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d3\u05ea \u05e4\u05d7\u05de\u05df<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3722\" data-end=\"3747\">\n<p data-start=\"3724\" data-end=\"3747\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05db\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05d0\u05e4\u05e1 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05d4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"3749\" data-end=\"3762\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3763\" data-end=\"3817\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea\u05db\u05ea \u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05da E&lt;1 \u2192 \u05de\u05d2\u05d3\u05d9\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3819\" data-end=\"3839\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3840\" data-end=\"3894\">\n<li data-start=\"3840\" data-end=\"3859\">\n<p data-start=\"3842\" data-end=\"3859\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d4\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3878\">\n<p data-start=\"3862\" data-end=\"3878\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3879\" data-end=\"3894\">\n<p data-start=\"3881\" data-end=\"3894\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e8\u05d8\u05d8 \u05de\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3896\" data-end=\"3899\">\n<h2 data-start=\"3901\" data-end=\"3950\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">7. \u05d8\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea \u05d3\u05d5\u05d2\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05de\u05dc\u05e5 (\u05db\u05dc\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d1\u05d3)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3951\" data-end=\"4027\">\u05d4\u05d8\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 <strong data-start=\"391\" data-end=\"412\">\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e1\u05d9\u05ea<\/strong>, \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e9\u05ea \u05db\u05d8\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc <em data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"470\">\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05dc\u05d1\u05d3<\/em>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"4029\" data-end=\"4464\">\n<thead data-start=\"4029\" data-end=\"4088\">\n<tr data-start=\"4029\" data-end=\"4088\">\n<th data-start=\"4029\" data-end=\"4041\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e1\u05d5\u05d2 \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea<\/span><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4041\" data-end=\"4053\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4<\/span><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4053\" data-end=\"4060\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05f3<\/span><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4060\" data-end=\"4067\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8<\/span><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4067\" data-end=\"4088\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"4154\" data-end=\"4464\">\n<tr data-start=\"4154\" data-end=\"4215\">\n<td data-start=\"4154\" data-end=\"4172\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e7\u05d9\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05e0\u05de\u05d5\u05da<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4172\" data-end=\"4181\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">3\u20138 \u05d1\u05e8<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4181\" data-end=\"4189\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">180\u00b0C<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4189\" data-end=\"4204\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Carbon Steel<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4204\" data-end=\"4215\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">3\u20135 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4216\" data-end=\"4268\">\n<td data-start=\"4216\" data-end=\"4227\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4227\" data-end=\"4237\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">6\u201312 \u05d1\u05e8<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4237\" data-end=\"4245\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">100\u00b0C<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4245\" data-end=\"4253\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">SS304<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4253\" data-end=\"4268\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">1.5\u20132.5 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4269\" data-end=\"4342\">\n<td data-start=\"4269\" data-end=\"4298\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e3 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea titanium<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4298\" data-end=\"4309\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">10\u201316 \u05d1\u05e8<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4309\" data-end=\"4317\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">150\u00b0C<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4317\" data-end=\"4327\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Ti Gr.2<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4327\" data-end=\"4342\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">0.5\u20130.9 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4343\" data-end=\"4412\">\n<td data-start=\"4343\" data-end=\"4358\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4358\" data-end=\"4368\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">5\u201312 \u05d1\u05e8<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4368\" data-end=\"4379\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05d3 120\u00b0C<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4379\" data-end=\"4397\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Hastelloy C-276<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4397\" data-end=\"4412\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">0.7\u20131.2 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4413\" data-end=\"4464\">\n<td data-start=\"4413\" data-end=\"4426\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d0\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d3\u05d7\u05d5\u05e1<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4426\" data-end=\"4436\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">6\u201320 \u05d1\u05e8<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4436\" data-end=\"4444\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4444\" data-end=\"4449\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">CS<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4449\" data-end=\"4464\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">2.9\u20136.2 \u05de&quot;\u05de<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"4466\" data-end=\"4469\">\n<h2 data-start=\"4471\" data-end=\"4509\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">8. \u05d8\u05e2\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"4510\" data-end=\"4845\">\n<li data-start=\"4510\" data-end=\"4568\">\n<p data-start=\"4513\" data-end=\"4568\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"4513\" data-end=\"4566\">\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d2\u05dc \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4569\" data-end=\"4641\">\n<p data-start=\"4572\" data-end=\"4641\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"4572\" data-end=\"4605\">\u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05dc\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d9\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4<\/strong> \u2013 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05de\u05e9\u05e7\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05e3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4642\" data-end=\"4702\">\n<p data-start=\"4645\" data-end=\"4702\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"4645\" data-end=\"4672\">\u05d4\u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d9\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4<\/strong> \u2013 \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05df, \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4703\" data-end=\"4750\">\n<p data-start=\"4706\" data-end=\"4750\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"4706\" data-end=\"4729\">\u05d0\u05d9\u05be\u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4<\/strong> \u2013 \u05de\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc \u05dc\u05db\u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d3\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4751\" data-end=\"4790\">\n<p data-start=\"4754\" data-end=\"4790\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"4754\" data-end=\"4773\">\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d7\u05dc\u05e9<\/strong> \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4791\" data-end=\"4845\">\n<p data-start=\"4794\" data-end=\"4845\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"4794\" data-end=\"4843\">\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e0\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05e6\u05e8\u05df \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05dd \u05de\u05ea\u05d0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d1\u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"4847\" data-end=\"4850\">\n<h2 data-start=\"4852\" data-end=\"4894\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">9. \u05d0\u05d9\u05da \u05dc\u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e0\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u2013 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3\u05e8\u05ea<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4895\" data-end=\"4919\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05dc\u05d4\u05dc\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05de\u05dc\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4921\" data-end=\"4945\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1 1 \u2013 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05e0\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4946\" data-end=\"5052\">\n<li data-start=\"4946\" data-end=\"4959\">\n<p data-start=\"4948\" data-end=\"4959\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4960\" data-end=\"4978\">\n<p data-start=\"4962\" data-end=\"4978\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05df<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4979\" data-end=\"4991\">\n<p data-start=\"4981\" data-end=\"4991\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e1\u05d5\u05d2 \u05e0\u05d5\u05d6\u05dc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4992\" data-end=\"5007\">\n<p data-start=\"4994\" data-end=\"5007\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e7\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5008\" data-end=\"5022\">\n<p data-start=\"5010\" data-end=\"5022\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e7\u05df<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5023\" data-end=\"5052\">\n<p data-start=\"5025\" data-end=\"5052\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e8\u05d8\u05d8, \u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05e9\u05d8\u05d5\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"5054\" data-end=\"5078\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1 2 \u2013 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5079\" data-end=\"5123\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05d6\u05dc, \u05e8\u05de\u05ea \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4, \u05ea\u05e7\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1, \u05de\u05e9\u05e7\u05dc \u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05d9.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"5125\" data-end=\"5168\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1 3 \u2013 \u05d7\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e7\u05df \u05de\u05ea\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"5170\" data-end=\"5208\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1 4 \u2013 \u05ea\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"5209\" data-end=\"5251\">\n<li data-start=\"5209\" data-end=\"5216\">\n<p data-start=\"5211\" data-end=\"5216\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e8\u05d8\u05d8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5217\" data-end=\"5226\">\n<p data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5226\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5227\" data-end=\"5251\">\n<p data-start=\"5229\" data-end=\"5251\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"5253\" data-end=\"5286\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1 5 \u2013 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5287\" data-end=\"5346\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05dc\u05de\u05e9\u05dc, \u05d8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d3\u05e7 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05e2 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05e0\u05d2 \u05d1\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"5348\" data-end=\"5379\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1 6 \u2013 \u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05e7\u05ea \u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5\u05e7<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5380\" data-end=\"5414\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05df \u05dc\u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05d2 \u05e8\u05e7 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5416\" data-end=\"5504\">\n<li data-start=\"5416\" data-end=\"5448\">\n<p data-start=\"5418\" data-end=\"5448\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">0.5 \/ 0.7 \/ 0.9 \/ 1.2 \/ 1.65<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5449\" data-end=\"5476\">\n<p data-start=\"5451\" data-end=\"5476\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Schedule 10\/40\/80 \u05dc\u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5477\" data-end=\"5504\">\n<p data-start=\"5479\" data-end=\"5504\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">DIN \/ EN \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"5506\" data-end=\"5509\">\n<h2 data-start=\"5511\" data-end=\"5525\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">10. \u05e1\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dd<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5526\" data-end=\"5763\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05dc\u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05da \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e9\u05de\u05d0\u05d6\u05df \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e7, \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5, \u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4, \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d1\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d9\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8. \u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05de\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9 \u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2 \u05dc\u05e4\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05d8\u05d5\u05d7, \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d5\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5765\" data-end=\"5901\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e6\u05e2 \u05d7\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05e5 \u05e2\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e1 \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518d951 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"518d951\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-014e20d elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"014e20d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n.pdf-container {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  border: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.pdf-overlay {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  top: 0;\r\n  left: 0;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  height: 100%;\r\n  opacity: 0;\r\n  transition: 0.4s ease;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  justify-content: flex-end;\r\n  align-items: flex-start;\r\n  padding: 15px;\r\n  pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.pdf-container:hover .pdf-overlay {\r\n  opacity: 1;\r\n  pointer-events: all;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.pdf-button {\r\n  background: #0d1230;\r\n  color: #fff;\r\n  padding: 10px 18px;\r\n  border-radius: 6px;\r\n  text-decoration: none;\r\n  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);\r\n  transition: 0.25s;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.pdf-button:hover {\r\n  background: #1c234d;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"pdf-container\">\r\n  <iframe \r\n    src=\"https:\/\/vmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/wall_thickness_table.pdf\"\r\n    width=\"100%\" \r\n    height=\"900px\"\r\n    style=\"border:none;\">\r\n  <\/iframe>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"pdf-overlay\">\r\n    <a class=\"pdf-button\" \r\n       href=\"https:\/\/vmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/wall_thickness_table.pdf\" \r\n       target=\"_blank\">\r\n       Download PDF\r\n    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87f0ffa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87f0ffa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa3519d elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"fa3519d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2133\" class=\"elementor elementor-2133\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a0fea9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a0fea9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-187f9b1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"187f9b1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-554571b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"554571b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3-\u05d1\u05e8<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f543988 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f543988\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">\u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de-30 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3-\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e3 \u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc, \u05d5\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de-300 \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05dc\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4. \u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d6\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e1\u05d4 \u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05ea \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05d7\u05ea \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e3 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd, \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05dc \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05d5\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05d0\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05db\u05e9\u05d0\u05ea\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dd \u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3-\u05d1\u05e8, \u05d0\u05ea\u05dd \u05d6\u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e3 \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u2014 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d3\u05e8\u05da.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39aeceba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39aeceba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-363acc96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"363acc96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AdobeStock_629461624-1024x683.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1659\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AdobeStock_629461624-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AdobeStock_629461624-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AdobeStock_629461624-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AdobeStock_629461624-1536x1024.webp 1536w, https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AdobeStock_629461624-scaled.webp 1920w, https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AdobeStock_629461624-1320x880.webp 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d321730 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1d321730\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e84fd27 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e84fd27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c9a1e60 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c9a1e60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12ad3ecf elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12ad3ecf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e5 \u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05e7\u05e6\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9 \u2013 \u05e6\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d9\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e7\u05e9\u05e8 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cf1553c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cf1553c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d1\u05d7\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e0\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05da \u05e9\u05dc\u05db\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05e2 \u05e4\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05d0\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05d8\u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05d4.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46862d5b elementor-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"46862d5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/%d7%a6%d7%a8%d7%95-%d7%a7%d7%a9%d7%a8\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u05dc\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e7\u05e9\u05e8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f8e992 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8f8e992\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-579ddf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"579ddf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"1327\" class=\"elementor elementor-1327\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6116e2b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6116e2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fa0dd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7fa0dd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\/* \u05e4\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e8\u05d5\u05d7\u05d1 *\/\n.fullwidth-footer {\n  position: relative;\n  left: 50%;\n  right: 50%;\n  margin-left: -50vw;\n  margin-right: -50vw;\n  width: 100vw;\n  background-color: #0d1230;\n  color: #f0f0f0;\n  padding: 50px 20px;\n  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n  direction: rtl;\n  text-align: right;\n}\n\n\/* \u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05df \u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8 *\/\n.fullwidth-footer .footer-columns {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);\n  gap: 40px;\n  width: 100%;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer h4 {\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #cfd2e0;\n}\n\n\/* \u05db\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 *\/\n.fullwidth-footer .product-title {\n  font-size: 18px;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n\/* \u05e7\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05dd *\/\n.fullwidth-footer a.accessibility-link {\n  color: #ff3b3b !important;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  transition: color 0.2s;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer a.accessibility-link:hover {\n  color: #ffffff;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer ul {\n  list-style: none;\n  padding: 0;\n  margin: 0;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer ul li {\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer ul li a {\n  color: #4fa3ff;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  transition: color 0.2s;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer ul li a:hover {\n  color: #ffffff;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer .footer-contact p {\n  margin: 6px 0;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer .footer-bottom {\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-top: 30px;\n  font-size: 14px;\n  color: #999;\n  border-top: 1px solid #333;\n  padding-top: 15px;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer .footer-map {\n  margin-top: 15px;\n}\n\n.fullwidth-footer .footer-map iframe {\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 150px;\n  border: 0;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n}\n\n\/* \u05e8\u05e1\u05e4\u05d5\u05e0\u05e1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea *\/\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n  .fullwidth-footer .footer-columns {\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n    gap: 20px;\n  }\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 480px) {\n  .fullwidth-footer .footer-columns {\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"fullwidth-footer\">\n  <div class=\"footer-columns\">\n\n    <!-- \u05d8\u05d5\u05e8 1 -->\n    <div>\n      <h4>\u05ea\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8 \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9<\/h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/home-%d7%a2%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%aa\/\">\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/%d7%90%d7%95%d7%93%d7%95%d7%aa\/\">\u05d0\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a6%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d\/\">\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd\/\">\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd<\/a><\/li>\n\n        <!-- \u2605 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e7\u05df \u05dc\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e0\u05db\u05d5\u05df: \u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3-\u05d1\u05e8 \u2605 -->\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/%d7%9e%d7%a8%d7%9b%d7%96-%d7%94%d7%99%d7%93%d7%a2-%d7%9c%d7%94%d7%a0%d7%93%d7%a1%d7%aa-%d7%aa%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%9a-%d7%95%d7%9e%d7%97%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%a4%d7%99-%d7%97%d7%95%d7%9d\/\">\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3-\u05d1\u05e8<\/a><\/li>\n\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/%d7%aa%d7%a2%d7%95%d7%93%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%9e%d7%9b%d7%94-%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%a7%d7%9f\/\">\u05ea\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e1\u05de\u05db\u05d4 \u05d5\u05ea\u05e7\u05df<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/%d7%a6%d7%a8%d7%95-%d7%a7%d7%a9%d7%a8\/\">\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e7\u05e9\u05e8<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- \u05d8\u05d5\u05e8 2 -->\n    <div>\n      <h4>\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea<\/h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"\/pharmaceutical-biotech\">\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/energy-power\">\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d7\u05e9\u05de\u05dc<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/chemicals\">\u05db\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/fertilizers\">\u05d3\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/agrochemicals-agriculture\">\u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/petrochemicals-oil-gas\">\u05e4\u05d8\u05e8\u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05d4, \u05e0\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d5\u05d2\u05d6<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/food-beverage-processing\">\u05de\u05d6\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05de\u05e9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/water-treatment\">\u05d8\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05dd<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- \u05d8\u05d5\u05e8 3 -->\n    <div>\n      <div class=\"product-title\">\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd<\/div>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/%d7%9e%d7%97%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%a4%d7%99-%d7%97%d7%95%d7%9d-%d7%a4%d7%9c%d7%98%d7%95%d7%aa\/\">\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e4\u05dc\u05d8\u05d5\u05ea<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/he\/%d7%9e%d7%97%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%a4%d7%99-%d7%97%d7%95%d7%9d-%d7%aa%d7%a8%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%9c-%d7%95%d7%a6%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa-shell-tube\/\">\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05de\u05e2\u05d8\u05e4\u05ea \u05d5\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a 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\u05d7\u05d5\u05dd, \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05e0\u05e8\u05ea \u05d5\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05d3 \u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d9. \u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d8 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd, \u05dc\u05d8\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea, \u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d2\u05d5\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc \u05dc\u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05e6\u05ea, \u05dc\u05db\u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d3\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05dc\u05e1\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05d9. \u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05da \u05d4\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05d1\u05e1\u05e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2647","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2647","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2647"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2647\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2689,"href":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2647\/revisions\/2689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gold-bar.co.il\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}